不同环境下镉对小球藻吸收磷速率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李定坚  徐明芳  许忠能  严国安  曹焕生 《海洋科学》2006,30(4):25-30

在人工配制的污水中进行静态模拟实验,研究了不同光照强度及不同pH值下,镉对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)在悬浮和固定状态下对污水中正磷酸盐的吸收速率的影响。结果表明,镉存在的情况下,在实验所设的各光照强度内,悬浮态小球藻对磷的吸收速率为4~10μg/(h.个),固定化小球藻为12~16μg/(h.个);而相同的镉浓度下,在不同的pH范围中,悬浮态小球藻对磷的吸收速率为1.9~9.4μg/(h.个),固定化小球藻为5.7~12μg/(h.个)。在不同光照强度下,镉总体上降低了小球藻对磷的吸收速率,其中使悬浮藻普遍下降40%~60%,而固定处理使藻受镉的影响较少,至多下降10%~20%,但在个别光照强度下镉反而促进了小球藻对磷的吸收速率。不同pH值时,无论悬浮态还是固定态,镉在大多pH下使小球藻的磷吸收速率下降20%~30%,固定处理并没有减少镉的影响,同样在个别pH下镉促进了对磷的吸收。  相似文献   

海水甲壳类人工育苗过程中的水质控制     

朱明  茅云翔  张学成  阎斌伦  藤亚娟 《海洋湖沼通报》2002,(4):72-75

水质控制是海水甲壳类人工育苗中的关键技术之一，但是囿于设备条件的限制而难以有效进行，本文总结出两种简便的水质检测指标；pH值和水质指示生物，并对水质控制的一般原理方法进行了初步的探讨。  相似文献   

Spectrophotometric pH measurement in estuaries using thymol blue and m-cresol purple     

Luke M. Mosley  Shamus L.G. Husheer  Keith A. Hunter   《Marine Chemistry》2004,91(1-4):175-186

The conditional acid dissociation constants (pK_a′) of two sulfonephthalein dyes, thymol blue (TB) and m-cresol purple (mCP), were assessed throughout the estuarine salinity range (0<S<40) using a tris/tris–HCl buffer and spectrophotometric measurement. The salinity dependence of the pK_a′ of both dyes was fitted to the equations (25 °C, total proton pH scale, mol kg soln⁻¹):The estimated accuracy of pH measurements using these calculated pK_a′ values is considered to be comparable to that possible with careful use of a glass electrode (±0.01 pH unit) but spectrophotometric measurements in an estuary have the significant advantage that it is not necessary to calibrate an electrode at different salinities. pH was measured in an estuary over a tidal cycle with a precision of ±0.0005 pH unit at high (S>30) salinity, and ±0.002 pH unit at low (S<5) salinity. The pH increased rapidly in the lower salinity ranges (0<S<15) but less rapidly at higher salinities.  相似文献   

两种江蓠果孢子的融合研究     

徐建荣 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1992,(1)

本研究以真江蓠(Gracilaria asiatica Zhang et Xia)和龙须菜(Gracilaria sjoes-tedtii Kylin)两个不同物种为材料,探索了果孢子的融合方法和条件。由成熟囊果的藻体经阴干刺激后,放散出大量果孢子。两个物种的果孢子在大小和颜色上都有差异。对这两个物种的果孢子用PEG—高Ca~(++)高pH法诱导融合,首次获得成功,融合细胞能再生成杂种植株。  相似文献   

Spectrophotometric determination of pH in seawater off Taiaroa Head,Otago, New Zealand: Full-spectrum modelling and prediction of pCO₂ levels     

Shane M. Ohline  Malcolm R. Reid  Shamus L.G. Husheer  Kim I. Currie  Keith A. Hunter 《Marine Chemistry》2007

Accurate measurement of seawater pH has long been sought by marine chemists (for example: [Dickson, A.G. 1993a. The measurement of sea water pH. Marine Chemistry, 44, 131–142, Dickson, A.G. 1993b. pH buffers for sea water media based on the total hydrogen ion concentration scale. Deep-Sea Research, 40, 107–118; Zhang, 1996; Tapp, M., Hunter, K.A., Currie, K. and Macaskill, B. 2000. Apparatus of continuous-flow underway spectrophotometric measurement of surface water pH. Marine Chemistry 72(2–4), 193–202; Friis, K., Koetzinger, A., Wallace, D.W.R. 2004. Spectrophotometric pH measurement in the ocean: Requirements, design and testing of an autonomous charge-coupled device detector system. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 2, 126–136]. Recently, such attempts have taken on greater significance as anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions may create rapidly changing oceanic pH. Spectrophotometric techniques have been accepted generally as the best for determination of seawater pH. Here we report a new technique using thymol blue as the indicator dye and fitting the entire spectrum from 400 to 900 nm rather than measuring the absorbance values at only two or three points in the spectrum. This full-spectrum modelling enables a reduction in signal to noise over other techniques. In the laboratory, we find with seawater samples a pH precision increase of five-fold “within” a sample and seven-fold “between” samples when comparing the full spectrum to the three-point method of analysis [Zhang, H., Byrne, R.H. 1996. Spectrophotometric pH measurements of surface seawater at in-situ conditions: absorbance and protonation behaviour of thymol blue. Marine Chemistry 52, 17–25].  相似文献   

高精度CTD剖面仪研制过程中的专用设备   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

王欣 《海洋技术学报》2001,20(1):140-142

本文介绍了“油水分离压力罐”的主要理论依据及该设备采用的特殊的机械结构，实践证明，利用该设备实现了在实验室条件下，模拟深海重力场检测CTD剖面仪中的某些关键传感器的目的。  相似文献   

地浸采铀浸出液氧化沉淀法除铁研究     

李宗星  孙占学 《国外铀金地质》2008,(3):183-186

在氧化沉淀法去除铁的过程中,氧化反应分别在自然曝气、充气和除钙的条件下进行,对照结果进行分析,得出最佳的除铁配方,同时还着重对氧化反应速率及其影响因素（pH,Eh等）进行了探索性研究,为以后试验提供了一定的依据。  相似文献   

黑河中下游荒漠区植物多样性分布对土壤水分变化的响应   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

李新荣  何明珠  贾荣亮 《地球科学进展》2008,23(7):685-691

基于对黑河流域中下游荒漠区植被和土壤生境的调查分析,以土壤水分在各调查样地中的差异来反映研究区的生态水文特征,采用种的丰富度和多度来代表荒漠植物多样性研究了荒漠植物,包括隐花植物多样性分布对土壤水分变化的响应。土壤水分变化不仅直接影响着荒漠植物的多样性,而通过影响其它生境因子又间接地影响着多样性的维持。因此,如何维持中下游相对稳定的土壤水分来源是该区荒漠植物多样性保育今后所要面临的挑战。  相似文献   

成都经济区黄壤土壤剖面Pb形态分布特征及其影响因素   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

杨晓燕  侯青叶  杨忠芳  杨艳  赵志丹 《现代地质》2008,22(6)

土壤剖面中不同形态铅迁移转化及其影响因素的研究对于了解Pb的土壤地球化学行为具有非常重要的意义。以四川省成都经济区农田生态系统黄壤剖面中不同形态Pb分布特征为例,探讨黄壤剖面中不同形态Pb的迁移转化影响因素及其生态危害性。结果表明:在黄壤剖面中,Pb总量表现为表层富集、深层稳定的特点;弱有机结合态含量表现为表层富集、深层稳定的特点,其他形态Pb含量剖面分布特征不明显;土壤中的Pb主要是以铁锰氧化态和残渣态为主,其他形态Pb含量所占比例较小;成土过程中,随着Pb总量的增加,稳定态Pb含量增加,而活动态相对减少;土壤pH值对各形态Pb含量分布影响较大,尤其是对碳酸盐结合态的影响显著;土壤总有机碳也是影响土壤中各形态Pb含量分布的重要因素之一,尤其是对有机结合态Pb含量影响显著;而随着土壤熟化程度的增加,黄壤剖面中的活动态含量增加,稳定态减少;剖面中的Pb迁移系数和生物可利用系数均较小,说明Pb不易向下迁移,容易在表层富集,对植物及人类有一定的危害。  相似文献   

Applications of AnnAGNPS model for soil loss estimation and nutrient loading for Malaysian conditions     

A. Shamshad  C.S. LeowA. Ramlah  W.M.A. Wan HussinS.A. Mohd. Sanusi 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2008

The study evaluated the performance and suitability of AnnAGNPS model in assessing runoff, sediment loading and nutrient loading under Malaysian conditions. The watershed of River Kuala Tasik in Malaysia, a combination of two sub-watersheds, was selected as the area of study. The data for the year 2004 was used to calibrate the model and the data for the year 2005 was used for validation purposes. Several input parameters were computed using methods suggested by other researchers and studies carried out in Malaysia. The study shows that runoff was predicted well with an overall R² value of 0.90 and E value of 0.70. Sediment loading was able to produce a moderate result of R² = 0.66 and E = 0.49, nitrogen loading predictions were slightly better with R² = 0.68 and E = 0.53, and phosphorus loading performance was slightly poor with an R² = 0.63 and E = 0.33. The erosion map developed was in agreement with the erosion risk map produced by the Department of Agriculture, Malaysia. Rubber estates and urban areas were found to be the main contributors to soil erosion. The simulation results showed that AnnAGNPS has the potential to be used as a valuable tool for planning and management of watersheds under Malaysian conditions.  相似文献